Table 1 Patient and procedure characteristics and causes of death
Non-survivors | Survivors | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 80) | (n = 819) | ||
Age, years | 72.5 (65–81) | 66 (57–73) | <0.001 |
Sex, male | 68% | 64% | 0.6 |
Respiratory disease | 31% | 13% | <0.001 |
Heart disease | 45% | 44% | 0.9 |
Chronic renal failure | 10% | 6% | 0.12 |
Chronic liver disease | 24% | 11% | 0.004 |
Neurological event | 10% | 9% | 0.85 |
Diabetes | 17.5% | 18% | 1 |
Metastasis | 36% | 22% | 0.008 |
ASA classification (%) | |||
2 | 67 | 81 | |
3 | 30 | 17 | |
4 | 3 | 2 | <0.001 |
Charlson index ≥ 3 (%) | 51.25 | 47 | 0.483 |
SRS | 7.9 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1 | <0.001 |
Urgent surgery | 49% | 9% | <0.001 |
Type of surgery | |||
Colorectal | 43.75% | 52.25% | |
Gastric and oesophageal resection | 15% | 15.75% | |
Liver and pancreatic resection | 7.5% | 18.5% | |
Retroperitoneal resection | 2.5% | 1.5% | |
Extended urologic resection | 7.5% | 3% | |
Extended gynaecologic resection | 2.5% | 1% | |
Palliative procedures | 21.25% | 8% | <0.001 |
Length of surgery, hours | 3.1 ± 2 | 3.8 ± 2.1 | 0.005 |
Transfusion of blood products | 5% | 4.2% | 0.7 |
ICU stay | |||
48 hours | 66% | 88.6% | |
>48 ≤ days | 5% | 6.4% | |
>4 days | 29% | 5% | <0.001 |
Postoperative complications | |||
Sepsis | 30% | 1.5% | <0.001 |
Respiratory | 64% | 4% | <0.001 |
Haemodynamic–cardiac | 50% | 4% | <0.001 |
Renal Failure | 20% | 1% | <0.001 |
Hepatic | 10% | 4% | 0.23 |
Neurological | 12.5% | 0.5% | <0.001 |
Reoperation | 24% | 7% | <0.001 |
Cause of death | |||
Sepsis | 22 (27.5%) | ||
Respiratory | 28 (35%) | ||
Haemorrhagic shock | 2 (2.5%) | ||
Cardiac | 16 (20%) | ||
Neurological | 5 (6.35%) | ||
Cancer | 7 (8.75%) |