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Table 5 Risk factors for post-operative complications (all grades of complications) in univariable analysis

From: Applicability of the Clavien-Dindo classification to emergency surgical procedures: a retrospective cohort study on 444 consecutive patients

Risk factor

Odds ratio

95% CI

Age over 55 years

3.8

2.4 – 6.0

Charlson index > 1

4.7

3.0 – 7.4

Charlson index ≥3

6.6

3.5 – 12.7

Female sex

0.6

0.39 – 0.92

Preoperative organ dysfunction

6.4

3.1 – 13.1

Laparotomy*

6.3

3.9 – 10.0

Surgery because of surgical complication

3.4

1.3 – 8.6

Surgery because of other iatrogenic complication

1.3

0.39 – 4.2**

Time of surgery during regular working hours

0.83

0.53 – 1.3**

Resident as primary surgeon

0.4

0.26 – 0.62

Functional state: partially or totally dependent

2.6

1.1 – 5.9

Living at home before hospitalization

0.53

0.20 – 1.4**

  1. *excluding open appendectomy.
  2. **not significant.
  3. CI – confidence interval.