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Table 1 Fracture healing, callus formation, and complications are shown for mice in the treatment (E.1 – E.8) and control (C.1 – C.8) groups

From: Echinomycin did not affect the safety of fracture healing: an experimental pilot study on a murine femur fracture model

Group

Fracture healing

Callus formation (0 = mostly absent, 1 = minimum, 2 = medium, 3 = maximum)

Complications

E.1

Yes

2

Implant bending

E.2

Yes

2

No

E.3

Yes

1

Implant bending, partial pseudarthrosis

E.4

Yes

2

No

E.5

Yes

1

No

E.6

Yes

1

No

E.7

NA

NA

Died intraoperatively

E.8

NA

NA

Died one week postoperatively

C.1

Yes

1

Partial pseudarthrosis

C.2

Yes

3

No

C.3

Yes

2

No

C.4

No

0

Implant bending, open fracture, complete pseudarthrosis

C.5

Yes

2

No

C.6

Yes

1

No

C.7

Yes

1

No

C.8

Yes

2

No