Table 1 Detailed procedure observed in the method of scrubbing & drying hand

1. Taking the sufficient amount of liquid soap into sterile brush

2. Doing scrub procedure evenly by hand to proximal elbow (2 min for each of hands) using scrubbing, done for both side (left and right) and rinsing by rotation

3. Scrub the nail and palm using brush side and the skin of hand and arm using sponge side, in both hands.

4. Discarding the brush carefully to the disposal bin

5. Doing scrub procedure evenly by hand to half of distal lower arm (1 min for each arm) just using soap, done for both side and rinsing by rotation

6. Doing scrub procedure evenly by hand to half of proximal lower arm (2 min for each of arms) just using soap, done for both side and rinsing by rotation

7. Turning off the water flow by using elbow or pedal (without using hand)

8. Then, move to enter the operation room through “butterfly” door by step backward (without touching the door)

9. During the entire steps of surgical hand disinfection, hands should be keep slightly higher than lower arms, both hands should be on visual fields. The hand and lower arms must not touch the unclean surface. Hold on this position until the gloves are worn.

10. Taking the sterile towel and dividing it into two parts

11. Drying the hands one by one, sequentially from distal to proximal area

12. The hand must be nested in a towel while its drying another hand to protect it from distal to proximal contact of both hands

13. Discarding the towel directly to the basin