Inter-observer reliability of alternative diagnostic methods for proximal humerus fractures: a comparison between attending surgeons and orthopedic residents in training

Table 1 Overall kappa coefficient by diagnostic method and expert classification (Group 1)

	X-ray		Tomography		3D models		Augmented Reality/Holography
	Kappa	p	Kappa	p	Kappa	p	Kappa	p
AO	0.472	<0.001	0.352	<0.001	0.624	<0.001	0.421	<0.001
A^a	0.561	< 0.001	0.397	< 0.001	0.711	< 0.001	0.520	< 0.001
B^a	0.099	< 0.001	0.075	< 0.001	0.251	< 0.001	0.061	0.006
C^a	0.628	< 0.001	0.520	< 0.001	0.763	< 0.001	0.555	< 0.001
Neer	0.371	<0.001	0.241	<0.001	0.497	<0.001	0.387	<0.001
1 part	0.019	0.219	0.020	0.205	0.058	0.008	0.139	< 0.001
2 parts	0.542	< 0.001	0.426	< 0.001	0.719	< 0.001	0.536	< 0.001
3 parts	0.101	< 0.001	0.042	0.040	0.225	< 0.001	0.164	< 0.001
4 parts	0.435	< 0.001	0.296	< 0.001	0.554	< 0.001	0.446	< 0.001

AO Arbeit Gemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen classification, Neer Charles Neer classification
^a Groups A, B and C adopted by the AO / ASIF, with correspondence to 2, 3 and 4 parts respectively (Kellam and Meinberg, 2018) [8]
N = 20 observers

ISSN: 1754-9493