Table 3 Potential perioperative risk factors and PPCS, Mechanical Ventilation and 30-day mortality
Variable | n | PPC (Postoperative Pulmonary Complications) | Mechanical Ventilation | 30-Day Mortality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 48 h | > 48 h | ||||
OR (95% C.I.)a | OR (95% C.I.)a | OR (95% C.I.)a | OR (95% C.I.)a | ||
Sex | |||||
M | 45 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
F | 15 | 0.48 (0.15–1.58) | 3.50 (0.87–14.11) | 0.59 (0.15–2.35) | 2.31 (0.62–8.64) |
NMBD | |||||
No | 43 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 17 | 18.40 (2.24–151.35) | 0.67 (0.21–2.08) | ** | 2.81 (0.78–10.12) |
Age | 60 | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | 0.95 (0.89–1.03) | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 1.05 (0.97–1.15) |
ASA | |||||
1 | 18 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
2 | 17 | 0.37 (0.07–1.80) | 0.56 (0.14–2.21) | 0.94 (0.05–16.35) | 1.09 (0.27–4.41) |
3 | 13 | 0.32 (0.06–1.70) | 0.31 (0.07–1.38) | 0.13 (0.01–1.37) | 0.17 (0.02–1.60) |
4 | 12 | 0.04 (0.01–0.28) | 2.50 (0.41–15.23) | 0.06 (0.01–0.59) | ** |
ARISCAT | |||||
Low risk < 26 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Intermediate Risk 26–44 | 16 | 1.65 (0.37–7.37) | 0.21 (0.04–1.29) | 0.72 (0.10–5.09) | 1.50 (0.32–6.99) |
High risk > 45 | 30 | 0.98 (0.27–3.53) | 0.17 (0.03–0.88) | 0.55 (0.10–3.06) | 0.28 (0.05–1.47) |
Respiratory Infection | |||||
No | 50 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 10 | 1.00 (0.25–4.00) | 1.69 (0.39–7.31) | 2.54 (0.29–22.27) | 1.71 (0.38–7.84) |
Anemia | |||||
No | 30 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 30 | 0.76 (0.27–2.13) | 2.33 (0.81–6.73) | 1.00 (0.28–3.54) | 1.22 (0.36–4.17) |
Incision Type | |||||
Bilateral subcostal | 21 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Median | 39 | 0.22 (0.06–0.79) | 4.14 (1.34–12.72) | 0.13 (0.02–1.07) | 0.55 (0.16–1.91) |
LPT vs. LPC | |||||
LPC (Laparoscopy) | 19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
LPT (Laparotomy) | 41 | 1.14 (0.38–3.43) | 1.14 (0.38–3.43) | 1.73 (0.47–6.40) | 0.45 (0.13–1.58) |
Surgery Duration | |||||
< 180 min | 42 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
> 180 min | 18 | 3.18 (0.90–11.28) | 0.29 (0.09–0.90) | 2.50 (0.49–12.79) | 2.50 (0.70–8.92) |
Smokers | |||||
No | 35 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 25 | 1.33 (0.46–3.83) | 0.75 (0.26–2.14) | 1.00 (0.28–3.61) | 0.55 (0.15–2.04) |
BMI | |||||
< 18 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
18–25 | 20 | 0.78 (0.15–3.93) | 1.40 (0.33–5.93) | ** | 0.75 (0.14–4.13) |
25–30 | 16 | 0.56 (0.11–2.90) | 2.33 (0.51–10.78) | ** | 1.36 (0.25–7.32) |
30–35 | 12 | 0.11 (0.02–0.71) | 15.40 (1.47–160.97) | ** | 0.27 (0.02–3.09) |
COPD/Asthma History | |||||
No | 42 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 18 | 0.56 (0.18–1.70) | 2.15 (0.65–7.11) | 0.21 (0.06–0.80) | 1.63 (0.45–5.92) |
POSA | |||||
≤ 35 g/L | 8 | 5.55 (0.64–48.41) | 0.63 (0.14–2.79) | 1.88 (0.21–16.92) | 19.29 (3.23–115.22) |
> 35 g/l | 52 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Lactate | |||||
< 4 mmol/l | 14 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
> 4 mmol/l | 46 | 0.52 (0.14–1.90) | 1.17 (0.35–3.92) | ** | 0.38 (0.10–1.44) |
PREOP Abnormal Arterial blood gases | |||||
No | 20 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 40 | 3.50 (1.14–10.74) | 0.16 (0.04–0.63) | 1.57 (0.43–5.77) | 0.49 (0.14–1.74) |
Pa02 ≤ 50 ≥ 60 Moderate - Severe ARF | |||||
No | 25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 35 | 2.36 (0.82–6.83) | 0.41 (0.14–1.23) | 1.53 (0.43–5.44) | 1.82 (0.49–6.74) |
Pa02/FiO2 | |||||
< 100 | 21 | 0.83 (0.28–2.45) | 1.13 (0.38–3.35) | 1.80 (0.43–7.53) | ** |
101–300 | 39 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
PREOP Abnormal Chest radiography | |||||
No | 36 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 24 | 3.00 (0.97–9.30) | 0.37 (0.13–1.09) | 4.23 (0.84–21.40) | 2.06 (0.59–7.13) |