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Table 1 Overall Kappa coefficient for agreement in the choice of treatment for the proximal humerus fractures using four diagnostic methods among experts and residents. P-values are shown

From: Three-dimensional models increase the interobserver agreement for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures

 

Diagnostic Method

X-ray

Tomography

3D-models

Holography

Kappa

p

Kappa

p

Kappa

p

Kappa

p

Experts

 Treatment

0.240

< 0.001

0.233

< 0.001

0.362

< 0.001

0.321

< 0.001

 Conservative (non-surgical)

0.184

< 0.001

0.185

< 0.001

0.258

< 0.001

0.337

< 0.001

 Osteosynthesis

0.182

< 0.001

0.098

< 0.001

0.290

0.001

0.247

< 0.001

 Arthroplasty

0.318

< 0.001

0.395

< 0.001

0.471

< 0.001

0.398

< 0.001

Residents

 Treatment

0.221

< 0.001

0.123

< 0.001

0.306

< 0.001

0.160

< 0.001

 Conservative (non-surgical)

0.130

< 0.001

0.084

< 0.001

0.223

< 0.001

0.216

< 0.001

 Osteosynthesis

0.155

< 0.001

0.045

0.002

0.226

< 0.001

0.099

< 0.001

 Arthroplasty

0.330

< 0.001

0.253

< 0.001

0.429

< 0.001

0.197

< 0.001