Table 2 Patient Demographics and Risk Factors
Name | Value | Total | Control Group | PPCB Group | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Female | 775 | 357 (46.7%) | 418 (46.4%) | 0.891 |
Male | 890 | 407 (53.3%) | 483 (53.6%) | ||
Elective Surgery Status | No | 30 | 13 (1.7%) | 17 (1.9%) | 0.590 |
Unknown | 20 | 7 (0.9%) | 13 (1.4%) | ||
Yes | 1615 | 744 (97.4%) | 871 (96.7%) | ||
Anesthesia Technique | General | 1663 | 764 (100%) | 899 (99.8%) | 1.000 |
Local | 1 | 1 (0.1%) | |||
Spinal | 1 | 1 (0.1%) | |||
Surgical Subspecialty | General Surgery | 741 | 353 (46.2%) | 388 (43.1%) | 0.462 |
Gynecology | 185 | 78 (10.2%) | 107 (11.9%) | ||
Orthopedics | 194 | 85 (11.1%) | 109 (12.1%) | ||
Otolaryngology (ENT) | 59 | 26 (3.4%) | 33 (3.7%) | ||
Plastics | 53 | 31 (4.1%) | 22 (2.4%) | ||
Thoracic | 214 | 92 (12.0%) | 122 (13.5%) | ||
Urology | 216 | 98 (12.8%) | 118 (13.1%) | ||
Vascular | 3 | 1 (0.1%) | 2 (0.2%) | ||
Diabetes | Insulin | 125 | 70 (9.2%) | 55 (6.1%) | 0.058 |
No | 1297 | 587 (76.8%) | 710 (78.8%) | ||
Non-Insulin | 243 | 107 (14.0%) | 136 (15.1%) | ||
Smoker | No | 1119 | 532 (69.6%) | 587 (65.1%) | 0.052 |
Yes | 546 | 232 (30.4%) | 314 (34.9%) | ||
Dyspnea | At Rest | 79 | 21 (2.7%) | 58 (6.4%) | 0.001 |
Moderate Exertion | 40 | 7 (0.9%) | 33 (3.7%) | ||
No | 1546 | 736 (96.3%) | 810 (89.9%) | ||
Functional Status Prior to Surgery | Independent | 1444 | 692 (90.6%) | 752 (83.5%) | 0.001 |
Partially Dependent | 159 | 53 (6.9%) | 106 (11.8%) | ||
Totally Dependent | 58 | 16 (2.1%) | 42 (4.7%) | ||
Unknown | 4 | 3 (0.4%) | 1 (0.1%) | ||
Ventilator | No | 1659 | 762 (99.7%) | 897 (99.6%) | 0.693 |
Yes | 6 | 2 (0.3%) | 4 (0.4%) | ||
COPD | No | 1641 | 753 (98.6%) | 888 (98.6%) | 0.996 |
Yes | 24 | 11 (1.4%) | 13 (1.4%) | ||
Ascites | No | 1641 | 758 (99.2%) | 883 (98.0%) | 0.039 |
Yes | 24 | 6 (0.8%) | 18 (2.0%) | ||
Cardiac Heart Failure | No | 1659 | 760 (99.5%) | 899 (99.8%) | 0.422 |
Yes | 6 | 4 (0.5%) | 2 (0.2%) | ||
Hypertension | No | 1095 | 492 (64.4%) | 603 (66.9%) | 0.279 |
Yes | 570 | 272 (35.6%) | 298 (33.1%) | ||
Steroid | No | 1496 | 688 (90.1%) | 808 (89.7%) | 0.801 |
Yes | 169 | 76 (9.9%) | 93 (10.3%) | ||
Weight loss > 10% | No | 1464 | 669 (87.6%) | 795 (88.2%) | 0.676 |
Yes | 201 | 95 (12.4%) | 106 (11.8%) | ||
Transfusion | No | 1630 | 753 (98.6%) | 877 (97.3%) | 0.083 |
Yes | 35 | 11 (1.4%) | 24 (2.7%) | ||
Sepsis | None | 1560 | 719 (94.1%) | 841 (93.3%) | 0.565 |
SIRS | 76 | 30 (3.9%) | 46 (5.1%) | ||
Sepsis | 24 | 13 (1.7%) | 11 (1.2%) | ||
Septic shock | 5 | 2 (0.3%) | 3 (0.3%) | ||
Emergent Case | No | 1644 | 751(98.3%) | 893(99.1%) | 0.138 |
Yes | 21 | 13 (1.7%) | 8 (0.9%) | ||
Wound Classification | Clean | 716 | 356(46.6%) | 360(40.0%) | 0.027 |
Clean/ Contaminated | 868 | 370(48.4%) | 498(55.3%) | ||
Contaminated | 64 | 32 (4.2%) | 32 (3.6%) | ||
Dirty/Infect | 17 | 6 (0.8%) | 11 (1.2%) | ||
ASA Class | ASA 1 - No Disturb | 2 | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0.001 |
ASA 2 - Mild Disturb | 1392 | 659(86.3%) | 733(81.4%) | ||
ASA 3 - Severe Disturb | 250 | 103(13.5%) | 147(16.3%) | ||
ASA 4 - Life Threat | 20 | 1 (0.1%) | 19 (2.1%) | ||
None assigned | 1 | 1 (0.1%) | |||
Age | Mean (95% CI) | 53.16 (52.0,54.4) | 53.5 (52.6,54.4) | 55.0 (18.1,93.7) | 0.296 |
Median(Min,Max) | 54.24 (18.09,93.67) | 52.8 (52.0,53.7) | 53.7 (18.2,90.4) | ||
BMI | Mean (95% CI) | 28.57 (28.2,29.0) | 28.6 (28.2,29.0) | 28.0 (13.7,68.9) | 0.959 |
Median(Min,Max) | 28.08 (13.22,68.89) | 28.6 (28.2,28.9) | 28.1 (13.2,58.9) | ||
WBC | Mean (95% CI) | 8.17 (7.9,8.6) | 8.3 (7.9, 8.6) | 7.4 (0.7, 136) | 0.739 |
Median (Min,Max) | 7.4 (0.3,136.2) | 8.1 (7.9, 8.3) | 7.5 (0.3,50.0) |