Table 2 Patient demographics and surgical characteristics in total population and broken down by pain failure (pain score > 5) in first 48 h post-op
Total (n = 237) | Pain Failure in 0–6 h | Pain Failure in 6-12 h | Pain Failure in 12-24 h | Pain Failure in 24-48 h | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | p-value | No | Yes | p-value | No | Yes | p-value | No | Yes | p-value | ||
Gender | 0.37 | 0.30 | 0.86 | 0.71 | |||||||||
Male | 71 (31.4) | 47 (33.6) | 24 (27.9) | 33 (29.0) | 23 (36.5) | 19 (33.9) | 46 (32.6) | 12 (28.6) | 52 (31.5) | ||||
Female | 155 (68.6) | 93 (66.4) | 62 (72.1) | 81 (71.1) | 40 (63.5) | 37 (66.1) | 95 (67.4) | 30 (71.4) | 113 (68.5) | ||||
Age | 62.8 ± 10.8 | 64.6 ± 10.0 | 60.0 ± 11.5 | 0.002 | 63.8 ± 10.4 | 58.8 ± 11.8 | 0.004 | 64.7 ± 10.0 | 61.7 ± 10.9 | 0.08 | 66.5 ± 10.3 | 61.8 ± 10.7 | 0.01 |
BMI | 32.4 ± 11.8 | 31.7 ± 6.2 | 33.6 ± 17.4 | 0.24 | 31.4 ± 6.6 | 34.2 ± 20.1 | 0.17 | 30.2 ± 6.0 | 33.7 ± 13.9 | 0.07 | 30.5 ± 6.5 | 32.8 ± 18.1 | 0.30 |
Side | 0.45 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.70 | |||||||||
Right | 133 (58.3) | 85 (60.3) | 48 (55.2) | 70 (61.4) | 34 (54.0) | 36 (64.3) | 79 (55.2) | 23 (54.8) | 97 (58.1) | ||||
Left | 95 (41.7) | 56 (39.7) | 39 (44.8) | 44 (38.6) | 29 (46.0) | 20 (35.7) | 64 (44.8) | 19 (45.2) | 70 (41.9) | ||||
Surgery | 0.03 | 0.16* | 0.14* | 0.36* | |||||||||
Primary Total Knee | 122 (54.7) | 72 (52.6) | 50 (58.1) | 64 (57.7) | 37 (58.7) | 26 (47.3) | 85 (60.7) | 22 (56.4) | 92 (55.4) | ||||
Revision Total Knee | 18 (8.1) | 10 (7.3) | 8 (9.3) | 7 (6.3) | 3 (4.8) | 3 (5.5) | 12 (8.6) | 3 (7.7) | 13 (7.8) | ||||
Primary Total Hip | 66 (29.6) | 48 (35.0) | 18 (20.9) | 37 (33.3) | 17 (27.0) | 22 (40.0) | 31 (22.1) | 14 (35.9) | 46 (27.7) | ||||
Revision Total Hip | 15 (6.7) | 5 (3.7) | 10 (11.6) | 2 (1.8) | 6 (9.5) | 4 (7.3) | 10 (7.1) | 0 | 13 (7.8) | ||||
Bilateral Knee | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.4) | 0 | 2 (1.2) | ||||
PCA | 0.36 | 0.86 | 0.03 | 0.15 | |||||||||
Yes | 49 (21.3) | 109 (76.8) | 72 (81.8) | 90 (78.3) | 50 (79.4) | 38 (69.1) | 120 (83.3) | 31 (72.1) | 137 (82.0) | ||||
No | 181 (78.7) | 33 (23.2) | 16 (18.2) | 25 (21.7) | 13 (20.6) | 17 (30.9) | 24 (16.7) | 12 (27.9) | 30 (18.0) | ||||
Type of Block | 0.42 | 0.76 | 0.37 | 0.68 | |||||||||
None | 193 (83.9) | 117 (82.4) | 76 (86.4) | 96 (83.5) | 55 (87.3) | 42 (76.4) | 122 (84.7) | 37 (86.1) | 137 (82.0) | ||||
Spinal/Epidural | 26 (11.3) | 19 (13.4) | 7 (8.0) | 13 (11.3) | 5 (7.9) | 10 (18.2) | 16 (11.1) | 5 (11.6) | 21 (12.6) | ||||
Femoral/Intraarticular | 11 (4.8) | 6 (4.2) | 5 (5.7) | 6 (5.2) | 3 (4.8) | 3 (5.5) | 6 (4.2) | 1 (2.3) | 9 (5.4) | ||||
Smoker | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.05 | |||||||||
Yes | 47 (21.0) | 23 (16.6) | 24 (28.2) | 20 (17.7) | 16 (25.8) | 9 (16.1) | 32 (22.9) | 4 (9.5) | 38 (23.3) | ||||
No | 177 (79.0) | 116 (83.5) | 61 (71.8) | 93 (82.3) | 46 (74.2) | 47 (83.9) | 108 (77.1) | 38 (90.5) | 125 (76.7) | ||||
Alcohol | 0.49 | 0.23 | 0.54 | 0.11 | |||||||||
Yes | 42 (18.7) | 24 (17.3) | 18 (20.9) | 17 (15.0) | 14 (22.2) | 9 (16.1) | 28 (19.9) | 4 (9.5) | 33 (20.1) | ||||
No | 183 (81.3) | 115 (82.7) | 68 (79.1) | 96 (85.0) | 49 (77.8) | 47 (83.9) | 113 (80.1) | 38 (90.5) | 131 (79.9) | ||||
Hx Pain Management | 0.09 | 0.0003 | 0.25 | 0.01 | |||||||||
Yes | 94 (41.8) | 52 (37.4) | 42 (48.8) | 38 (33.3) | 38 (61.3) | 20 (36.4) | 64 (45.4) | 11 (26.2) | 79 (48.2) | ||||
No | 131 (58.2) | 87 (62.6) | 44 (51.2) | 76 (66.7) | 24 (38.7) | 35 (63.6) | 77 (54.6) | 31 (73.8) | 85 (51.8) | ||||
Home Pain Meds | 0.11 | 0.001* | 0.20* | 0.004* | |||||||||
None | 130 (57.5) | 86 (61.4) | 44 (51.2) | 76 (66.7) | 24 (38.1) | 34 (60.7) | 77 (54.6) | 31 (73.8) | 84 (50.9) | ||||
Opioids | 70 (31.0) | 36 (25.7) | 34 (39.5) | 27 (23.7) | 32 (50.8) | 13 (23.2) | 50 (35.5) | 5 (11.9) | 63 (38.2) | ||||
Neurontin/Lyrica | 9 (4.0) | 5 (3.6) | 4 (4.7) | 5 (4.4) | 2 (3.2) | 2 (3.6) | 6 (4.3) | 1 (2.4) | 7 (4.2) | ||||
Other | 17 (7.5) | 13 (9.3) | 4 (4.7) | 6 (5.3) | 5 (7.9) | 7 (12.5) | 8 (5.7) | 5 (11.9) | 11 (6.7) | ||||
Steroids | 0.63 | 0.87 | 0.54 | 0.77* | |||||||||
Yes | 21 (9.3) | 12 (8.6) | 9 (10.5) | 10 (8.8) | 6 (9.5) | 4 (7.1) | 14 (9.9) | 3 (7.1) | 17 (10.3) | ||||
No | 205 (90.7) | 128 (91.4) | 77 (89.5) | 104 (91.2) | 57 (90.5) | 52 (92.9) | 127 (90.1) | 39 (92.9) | 148 (89.7) | ||||
Antidepressants | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.53 | 0.79* | |||||||||
Yes | 23 (10.1) | 11 (7.9) | 12 (14.0) | 9 (7.9) | 9 (14.3) | 5 (8.9) | 17 (12.1) | 5 (11.9) | 18 (10.9) | ||||
No | 203 (89.8) | 129 (92.1) | 74 (86.1) | 105 (92.1) | 54 (85.7) | 51 (91.1) | 124 (87.9) | 37 (88.1) | 147 (89.1) | ||||
Diabetes | 0.45 | 0.12 | 0.94 | 0.93 | |||||||||
Yes | 67 (29.7) | 44 (31.4) | 23 (26.7) | 40 (35.1) | 15 (23.8) | 16 (28.6) | 41 (29.1) | 13 (31.0) | 50 (30.3) | ||||
No | 159 (70.4) | 96 (68.6) | 63 (73.3) | 74 (64.9) | 48 (76.2) | 40 (71.4) | 100 (70.9) | 29 (69.1) | 115 (69.7) | ||||