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Table 3 Association of Parkland Grading Scale with Intra-Operative Events n = 206

From: Utility of the Parkland Grading Scale to determine intraoperative challenges during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a validation study on 206 patients at an academic medical center in Nepal

 

Parkland Grading Scale

p value

1 (n = 67)

2(n = 75)

3(n = 42)

4(n = 15)

5(n = 6)

GB decompression,

     

< 0.001*

Yes

No

-

67(100)

1(1.3)

74(98.7)

10(23.8)

32(76.2)

3(20)

12(80)

1(14.3)

6(85.7)

Bile spillage

     

< 0.001*

Yes

No

5(7.5)

62(92.5)

15(20)

60(80)

11(26.7)

31(73.8)

10(66.7)

5(33.3)

3(42.9)

4(57.1)

Intra op bleeding

     

0.245*

Yes

No

2(3)

65(97)

5(6.7)

70(96.3)

4(9.5)

38(90.5)

2(13.3)

13(86.7)

1(14.3)

6(85.7)

Help from seniors

     

< 0.001*

Needed

Not needed

2(3)

65(97)

5(6.7)

70(93.3)

1(2.4)

41(97.6)

7(46.7)

8(53.3)

5(71.4)

2(28.6)

Bile duct injury

     

0.243*

Yes

No

0

67(100)

1(1.3)

74(98.7)

0

42(100)

1(6.7)

14(93.30

0

7(100)

Drain placed

     

< 0.001*

Yes

No

1(1.5)

66(98.50

6(8)

69(92)

15(35.7)

27(64.3)

11(73.3)

4(26.7)

7(100)

0

Converted to open surgery, n(%)

     

< 0.001*

Yes

No

1(1.5)

66(98.5)

1(1.3)

74(98.7)

3(7.1)

39(92.9)

4(26.7)

11(73.3)

3(42.9)

4(57.1)

OT Time, median (range) minutes

50(35–180)

55(35–180)

75(35–360)

120(50–240)

150(120–240)

< 0.001**

Difficulty level of surgery

     

< 0.001***

Very easy

Easy

Normal

Difficult

Very difficult

48(71.6)

18(26.9)

-

1(1.5)

-

33(44)

27(36)

12(16)

2(2.7)

1(1.3)

1(2.4)

12(28.6)

16(38.1)

11(26.2)

2(4.8)

-

2(13.3)

3(20)

5(33.3)

5(33.3)

-

-

-

4(57.1)

3(42.9)

  1. *Fisher’s Exact Test was used to test the association of grade with binary (categorical) variables
  2. **Kruskal –Wallis test was used to assess the association of grade with continuous measures
  3. *** Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used for doubly-ordered categorical data