Table 2 Individual and environmental characteristics
Physician Description |  Significant personal problems | 11.4% | |
 Age > 49 years old | 48.1% |  Poor professional skills | 12.7% |
 Gender: Male | 96.2% |  Claimed cases as uniquely difficult | 12.7% |
 Born outside the US | 27.8% | Relationship to Industrya |  |
 Trained outside the US | 40.5% |  Gifts | 3.8% |
 Specialty |  |  Consulting/Authorship/Speaking | 8.9% |
  Internal/General | 8.9% |  Grants for education or research | 3.8% |
  OB/GYN | 3.8% |  Ownership interest | 8.9% |
  Psychiatry/Neurology | 1.3% |  Physician owned distributorship | 2.5% |
  Pediatrics/Family | 5.1% |  Other relationship to industry | 11.4% |
  Anesthesiology | 6.3% | Workplace |  |
  Other surgery/emergency/ENT | 7.6% |  Non-Academic, Private Practice | 92.4% |
  Urology | 3.8% | Physician practice size |  |
  Cardiology/Interventional | 26.6% |  Solo | 17.7% |
  Neurosurgery | 10.1% |  Small (2–3 physicians) | 12.7% |
  Orthopedics/Surgery | 10.1% |  Large (≥ 4 physicians) | 55.7% |
  Oncology | 6.3% |  Other/Unknown | 13.9% |
  Other | 10.1% | Physician ownership |  |
 Board certified | 70.9% |  Solo | 29.1% |
 Antisocial personality traits | 48.1% |  Joint | 13.9% |
 Engaged in unrelated illegal actions | 21.5% |  Employee | 45.6% |
 Evidence of severe mental illness | 1.3% |  Other/Unknown Motive | 11.4% |
 Substance addiction | 2.5% | Accomplice involved | 57.0% |