Table 3 Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and surgical characteristics of the elective spinal fusion, total hip arthroplasty, and total knee arthroplasty cohorts
Characteristic, N (%) except where specified | Spinal fusion | Total hip replacement | Total knee replacement | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | % | Number of patients | % | Number of patients | % | |
Total | 67,533 | 87,572 | 167,480 | |||
Demographic characteristics | ||||||
Age at index date | ||||||
Mean (SD) | 58.27 (13.37) | 64.45 (11.00) | 65.79 (9.48) | |||
Median (Min, Max) | 59 (18,85) | 66 (18,85) | 66 (18,85) | |||
≥ 18–55 | 26,790 | 39.67 | 17,639 | 20.14 | 23,876 | 14.26 |
56–65 | 18,559 | 27.48 | 28,302 | 32.32 | 56,810 | 33.92 |
66–75 | 16,114 | 23.86 | 26,419 | 30.17 | 58,340 | 34.83 |
76–< 86 | 6,070 | 8.99 | 15,212 | 17.37 | 28,454 | 16.99 |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 38,457 | 56.95 | 40,938 | 46.75 | 67,397 | 40.24 |
Female | 29,053 | 43.02 | 46,611 | 53.23 | 100,028 | 59.73 |
Unknown | 23 | 0.03 | 23 | 0.03 | 55 | 0.03 |
Race | ||||||
White | 59,936 | 88.75 | 78,802 | 89.99 | 148,096 | 88.43 |
Black or African American | 4,417 | 6.54 | 5,757 | 6.57 | 11,466 | 6.85 |
Asian | 372 | 0.55 | 228 | 0.26 | 1,110 | 0.66 |
Other/Unknown | 2,808 | 4.16 | 2,785 | 3.18 | 6,808 | 4.06 |
Clinical characteristics in 183-day baseline | ||||||
Acute myocardial infarction | 418 | 0.62 | 490 | 0.56 | 869 | 0.52 |
Anemia | 4,819 | 7.14 | 13,262 | 15.14 | 21,504 | 12.84 |
Angina | 3,533 | 5.23 | 3,533 | 4.03 | 8,063 | 4.81 |
Asthma/wheezing/bronchospasm | 5,284 | 7.82 | 6,382 | 7.29 | 13,425 | 8.02 |
Bronchitis/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3,849 | 5.70 | 4,722 | 5.39 | 8,212 | 4.90 |
Cardiac dysrhythmias | 6,157 | 9.12 | 10,900 | 12.45 | 21,923 | 13.09 |
Chronic ischemic disease | 5,984 | 8.86 | 7,807 | 8.91 | 15,669 | 9.36 |
Deep vein thrombosis | 592 | 0.88 | 949 | 1.08 | 2,080 | 1.24 |
Dementia | 218 | 0.32 | 380 | 0.43 | 516 | 0.31 |
Diabetes, type 1 | 480 | 0.71 | 331 | 0.38 | 774 | 0.46 |
Diabetes, type 2 | 9,392 | 13.91 | 10,659 | 12.17 | 27,164 | 16.22 |
Heart failure | 1,458 | 2.16 | 2,400 | 2.74 | 4,657 | 2.78 |
Hyperthyroidism | 191 | 0.28 | 381 | 0.44 | 731 | 0.44 |
Hypothyroidism | 4,765 | 7.06 | 8,375 | 9.56 | 18,094 | 10.80 |
Intracranial hemorrhage | 139 | 0.21 | 83 | 0.09 | 140 | 0.08 |
Liver disease and cirrhosis (excluding hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease) | 1,023 | 1.51 | 1,206 | 1.38 | 2,347 | 1.40 |
Liver failure | 50 | 0.07 | 67 | 0.08 | 111 | 0.07 |
Malignant neoplasms | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Multiple sclerosis | 186 | 0.28 | 172 | 0.20 | 282 | 0.17 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 2,626 | 3.89 | 3,007 | 3.43 | 5,306 | 3.17 |
Psoriatic arthroplasty | 72 | 0.11 | 87 | 0.10 | 197 | 0.12 |
Pulmonary embolism | 247 | 0.37 | 402 | 0.46 | 1,015 | 0.61 |
Reactive arthritis | 830 | 1.23 | 253 | 0.29 | 154 | 0.09 |
Renal failure | 2,442 | 3.62 | 4,229 | 4.83 | 8,157 | 4.87 |
Respiratory failure | 922 | 1.37 | 862 | 0.98 | 1,712 | 1.02 |
Spondyloarthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis | 2,031 | 3.01 | 771 | 0.88 | 554 | 0.33 |
Stroke | 529 | 0.78 | 580 | 0.66 | 1,094 | 0.65 |
Surgical characteristics for index surgery | ||||||
Allogenic blood transfusion during surgery | 16 | 0.02 | 32 | 0.04 | 22 | 0.01 |
Existing permanently implanted device or prosthesis | 1,839 | 2.72 | 2,149 | 2.45 | 3,470 | 2.07 |
Revisional surgery | 538 | 0.80 | 34,924 | 39.88 | 63,065 | 37.66 |
Total length of hospital stay | ||||||
Mean (SD) | 3.41 (3.93) | 2.69 (2.42) | 2.89 (2.21) | |||
Median (Min, Max) | 3 (1,90) | 2 (1,90) | 3 (1,90) | |||
Use of implanted material during surgery | 3,840 | 5.69 | 1,401 | 1.60 | 1,784 | 1.07 |