Fig. 1

Cascading algorithm representing EMTALA’s interconnection to the above Medical Malpractice Models. [Sources of: (1) The Nodes of the Defensive Medicine and Physician Responsiveness to Standard-of-care Reforms frameworks: Frakes MD. The surprising relevance of medical malpractice law. U. Chi. L. Rev. 2015;82 (1):317–391. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43234698, and (2) EMTALA’s Legal Provisions from The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Available from: https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/EMTALA