Investigational medications in 9,638 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19: lessons from the “fail-and-learn” strategy during the first two waves of the pandemic in 2020

Table 6 “Late 2020” logistic regression covariates pertinent to patient demographics, comorbidities, and selected pulmonary and renal organ management modalities. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Abbreviations: BiPAP, bilevel positive airway pressure; BMI, body mass index; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; O₂, oxygen

	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval		P-Value
Age	1.06	1.05	1.07	< 0.01
Elixhauser Comorbidity Index	1.16	1.11	1.22	< 0.01
Asian vs. white ethnicity	0.56	0.32	0.97	0.04
Black vs. white ethnicity	0.61	0.45	0.81	< 0.01
Hispanic vs. white ethnicity	1.63	0.16	16.49	0.63
Multiracial vs. white ethnicity	0.83	0.65	1.05	0.16
Native American vs. white ethnicity	0.32	0.05	1.91	0.23
BMI	0.97	0.95	0.99	< 0.01
Coagulopathy	1.66	1.31	2.12	< 0.01
Dementia	1.88	1.38	2.55	< 0.01
Psychosis	0.80	0.49	1.31	0.37
Cancer	2.04	1.32	3.15	< 0.01
Surgical procedure	0.48	0.33	0.68	< 0.01
Any O₂ administration	4.00	1.89	8.46	< 0.01
Nasal O₂ cannula	0.18	0.12	0.26	< 0.01
BiPAP	4.23	3.40	5.26	< 0.01
Invasive ventilation	9.46	7.63	11.74	< 0.01
CRRT	2.53	1.80	3.55	< 0.01
ECMO	1.63	0.74	3.61	0.17

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