Table 1 Demographic and risk data in the screened cohort of patients. §§: TUG < 10 = 0, TUG10-20 = 1, TUG > 20 = 2; ECOG 0 = 0.ECOG1/2 = 1, ECOG3 = 2; HgB < 13 = 2, RAI < 16 = 0, 16–30 = 1, > 30 = 2 Risk score Sum 0 and 1: low risk, ≥ 2: high risk. Abbreviations: y: yes; f: female; m: male; HgB: hemoglobin bpm: beats per minute; SMA: skeletal muscle area; SMI: skeletal muscle index; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; RAI: risk analysis index; ADL: activities of daily living; n: number

Age (y)

62.1 ± 12.4

Sex (f/m)

Female

87 (33.0%)

Male

180 (67.0%

BMI

26.5 ± 5.5

Smoker

88 (33%)

Protein-enriched nutrition

(Recommended by doctor; y (%)

22 (8.2%)

Preoperative Hgb (g/dl)

13.5 ± 1.8

Anemia (y (%))

89 (33%)

Preoperative Resting Pulse (bpM)

74.7 ± 13.5

SMA [cm²]

116.2 ± 35.9

SMI [cm²/m²]

38.4 ± 9.4

Sarcopenia (y (%))

82 (72.5%)

ECOG

0

1

2

3

238 (89.1%)

23 (8.6%)

5 (1.9%)

1 (0.4%)

TUG (sec.)

7.7 ± 2.3

RAI score

21.5 ± 9.7

Cancer (y (%))

195 (73.0%)

Weight loss (y (%))

77 (28.8%)

Renal failure (y (%))

27 (10.1%)

Cardiac failure (y (%))

12 (4.5%)

Inappetence (y (%))

36 (13.5%)

Shortness of breath (y (%))

2 (0.7%)

ADL mobility

0| 1| 2| 3| 4

255| 3| 2| 3| 4

ADL eating

0| 1| 2| 3| 4

257| 2| 2| 1| 5

ADL toilet use

0| 1| 2| 3| 4

259| 0| 2| 1| 5

ADL hygiene/self-care

0| 1| 2| 3| 4

255| 3| 2| 3| 4

Cognitive Status Worsened (y (%))

16 (6.0%)

Risk category of patients^§§

0/1 (low risk)

156 (58.4%)

> 2 (high risk)

111 (41.6%)

Medical Specialty

Visceral Surgery

111 (41.6%)

Thoracic Surgery

39 (14.6%)

Urology

80 (30.0%)

Gynecology

15 (5.6%)*

Vascular Surgery

22 (8.2%)